Chapter 19

1. The Industrial Revolution in Europe began in northern Great Britain. What circumstances made this process of economic development begin there? **Try to categorize your answers in terms of economic, social, cultural, and political factors. (p. 617-621)

The economic development began in Europe because of large national capitol, interest in commercialization, no internal tolls, easy internal trade, pursuit of wealth, strong trade with well integrated domestic market, and tech style inventions.

2. What was enclosure, and why was it an important factor in the Industrial Revolution? (p. 619)

Enclosure was the action of dividing up the land into large sections. It was an important factor to the Industrial Revolution because it commercialized agriculture which equated to larger profit, but also drove farmers of smaller land off.

3. Certain industries were particularly suitable for the kinds of technological developments that encouraged industrialization. What were these, and where did they exist in Europe? (621-629)

Some of these were tech style, coal and iron, railroads, spinning mule, and the spinning jenny.

4. What was the Spinning Jenny? What was the Cotton Gin? What effect did these machines have on industrial development? (621-622)

The spinning jenny turned cotton into thread six to twenty four times faster than a hand spinner.
The cotton gin separated cotton from seeds producing pure cotton quick and easy.
These machined allowed mass production to occur.

5. Industrial development changed the nature of work and production in significant ways. What were these changes and how did they change the relations between laborers and their employers, or local producers and wider markets? (631-639)

New inventions, such as the spinning jenny and cotton gin, make it easier to produce things needed, so work becomes manning the machine rather than actually doing manual work. This made the employer to employee relationships shift from a mentor ship, a master teaching his art, to one person residing over many people.